HTML5 Canvas Oscillation Animation Tutorial

To create an oscillation animation using HTML5 Canvas, we can use the equation for a simple harmonic oscillator to set the shape's position for each frame:

x(t) = amplitude * sin(t * 2PI / period) + x0

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Code Editor

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
  <head>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <canvas id="myCanvas" width="578" height="200"></canvas>
    <script>
      window.requestAnimFrame = (function(callback) {
        return window.requestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.oRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
        function(callback) {
          window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
        };
      })();

function drawRectangle(myRectangle, context) {
        context.beginPath();
        context.rect(myRectangle.x, myRectangle.y, myRectangle.width, myRectangle.height);
        context.fillStyle = '#8ED6FF';
        context.fill();
        context.lineWidth = myRectangle.borderWidth;
        context.strokeStyle = 'black';
        context.stroke();
      }
      function animate(myRectangle, canvas, context, startTime) {
        // update
        var time = (new Date()).getTime() - startTime;
        var amplitude = 150;

// in ms
        var period = 2000;
        var centerX = canvas.width / 2 - myRectangle.width / 2;
        var nextX = amplitude * Math.sin(time * 2 * Math.PI / period) + centerX;
        myRectangle.x = nextX;

// clear
        context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

// draw
        drawRectangle(myRectangle, context);

// request new frame
        requestAnimFrame(function() {
          animate(myRectangle, canvas, context, startTime);
        });
      }
      var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
      var context = canvas.getContext('2d');

var myRectangle = {
        x: 250,
        y: 70,
        width: 100,
        height: 50,
        borderWidth: 5
      };

drawRectangle(myRectangle, context);

// wait one second before starting animation
      setTimeout(function() {
        var startTime = (new Date()).getTime();
        animate(myRectangle, canvas, context, startTime);
      }, 1000);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

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Modified on April 9th, 2013 by Eric Rowell